Photovoltaic inverters are pivotal in the renewable energy landscape, serving as the crucial interface that converts the direct current generated by solar panels into alternating current suitable for ...

A research group led by scientists from Egypt’s Cairo University has developed a novel control strategy for frequency fluctuations during the deloading of PV systems. “This paper evaluates the ...

The 2026 National Electrical Code (NEC) introduces a significant shift in electrical design by prioritizing real-time power ...

Don Cowan and Mahyar Mohammadnezhad of Kiwa PI Berlin explain the importance of upstream diligence in ensuring long-term PV ...

A group of researchers from China's Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture has conceived a new control strategy for variable water temperature and variable flow in PV-driven heat ...

Maximising the performance of tracked bifacial PV requires optimisation of technical and financial factors. Image: Nextracker PV systems combining bifacial and tracker technologies deliver the ...

Article 690 covers solar installations, except large-scale ones (those are covered in Article 691) [Sec. 690.1], as shown in Fig. 1. There are three important definitions: “Photovoltaic (PV) system” ...

Part II of Art. 690 provides the circuit requirements for PV systems. The first requirement it covers is the maximum PV system direct-current (DC) circuit voltage. This value is used when selecting ...