A UK research team used electroluminescence imaging to inspect 167 PV installations comprising a total of 5 million solar cells. Defects were categorized into into line cracks, complex cracks, ...

Final electrical test remains one of the best ways to assess a circuit’s ultimate viability. But we know that, unfortunately, even 100% end-of-line electrical testing of semiconductor wafers will not ...

Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) testing is a widely established non‐destructive evaluation technique used to assess the integrity of ferromagnetic materials in applications such as pipeline inspection and ...