First-order derivatives: n additional function calls are needed. Second-order derivatives based on gradient calls, when the "grd" module is specified (Dennis and Schnabel 1983): n additional gradient ...

Perovskite solar cells offer high efficiency & low cost, but complex structures limit modeling. A new Python simulator ...

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as promising alternative for next generation photovoltaics due to their superior power conversion efficiencies (record currently at 34.9% for ...

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as promising alternative for next generation photovoltaics due to their superior ...

In [6] we suggested the use of the finite element method for solving random differential equations and also illustrated the method by solving a differential equation with random nonhomogeneous terms.

Abstract: The integrity and longevity of road infrastructure are critical for ensuring safe and efficient transportation. How-ever, road deterioration is a pervasive issue, exacerbated by the ...